Add FlexMeasures plugins, USEF protocol, and Cariflex simulator

- flexmeasures-entsoe: ENTSO-E data plugin
- flexmeasures-weather: Weather data plugin
- USEF Flex Trading Protocol PDF (2.4MB)
- Cariflex simulator (publishes to Redis)
- Dashboard Grafana updated with correct InfluxDB queries
- All tools extracted in /tools/

tools/flexmeasures-weather/flexmeasures_weather/utils/radiating.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+
+import pandas as pd
+from pvlib.location import Location
+
+
+def compute_irradiance(
+    latitude: float, longitude: float, dt: datetime, cloud_coverage: float
+) -> float:
+    """Compute the irradiance received on a location at a specific time.
+    This uses pvlib to
+    1)  compute clear-sky irradiance as Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI),
+        which includes both Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI)
+        and Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI).
+    2)  adjust the GHI for cloud coverage
+    """
+    site = Location(latitude, longitude, tz=dt.tzinfo)
+    solpos = site.get_solarposition(pd.DatetimeIndex([dt]))
+    ghi_clear = site.get_clearsky(pd.DatetimeIndex([dt]), solar_position=solpos).loc[
+        dt
+    ]["ghi"]
+    return ghi_clear_to_ghi(ghi_clear, cloud_coverage)
+
+
+def ghi_clear_to_ghi(ghi_clear: float, cloud_coverage: float) -> float:
+    """Compute global horizontal irradiance (GHI) from clear-sky GHI, given a cloud coverage between 0 and 1.
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    Perez, R., Moore, K., Wilcox, S., Renne, D., Zelenka, A., 2007.
+    Forecasting solar radiation – preliminary evaluation of an
+    approach based upon the national forecast database. Solar Energy
+    81, 809–812.
+    """
+    if cloud_coverage < 0 or cloud_coverage > 1:
+        raise ValueError("cloud_coverage should lie in the interval [0, 1]")
+    return (1 - 0.87 * cloud_coverage**1.9) * ghi_clear