Add FlexMeasures plugins, USEF protocol, and Cariflex simulator

- flexmeasures-entsoe: ENTSO-E data plugin
- flexmeasures-weather: Weather data plugin
- USEF Flex Trading Protocol PDF (2.4MB)
- Cariflex simulator (publishes to Redis)
- Dashboard Grafana updated with correct InfluxDB queries
- All tools extracted in /tools/

tools/flexmeasures-entsoe/flexmeasures_entsoe/generation/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import pandas as pd
+
+
+def determine_net_emission_factors(shares: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.Series:
+    """Given production shares, determine the net emission factors.
+    Or given production by type, determine the net emissions.
+
+    Use column headers that match production types listed below.
+    Use any index.
+
+    For example:
+
+        print(shares)
+
+              fossil_gas     other  fossil_hard_coal     waste   nuclear
+        hour
+        0       0.443685  0.206033          0.237596  0.050915  0.059455
+        1       0.443910  0.205065          0.235022  0.052614  0.060987
+
+        print(determine_net_emission_factors(shares))
+
+        hour
+        0     644.753221
+        1     641.410093
+        Name: Average emissions from Dutch electricity production (kg CO₂ eq/MWh), dtype: float64
+    """
+    emission_factors = dict(
+        biomass=50.4,
+        fossil_brown_coal_or_lignite=None,  # unknown
+        fossil_coal_derived_gas=None,  # unknown
+        fossil_gas=464,
+        fossil_hard_coal=1030,
+        fossil_oil=1010,
+        fossil_oil_shale=None,  # unknown
+        fossil_peat=None,  # unknown
+        geothermal=0.00664,
+        hydro_pumped_storage=611,
+        hydro_run_of_river_and_poundage=0.0253,
+        hydro_water_reservoir=8.13,
+        marine=None,  # unknown
+        nuclear=10.1,
+        other=927,  # for EU28
+        other_renewable=None,  # unknown
+        solar=0.00591,
+        waste=None,  # unknown
+        wind_offshore=0.133,
+        wind_onshore=0.133,
+    )  # supplementary material from "Real-time carbon accounting method for the European electricity markets, Tranberg et al. (2019)"
+    # todo: substitute placeholder for unknown emission factor of waste
+    emission_factors["waste"] = emission_factors["biomass"]
+    for production_type in shares.columns:
+        shares[production_type] = (
+            shares[production_type] * emission_factors[production_type]
+        )
+    return shares.sum(axis=1).rename(
+        "Average emissions from Dutch electricity production (kg CO₂ eq/MWh)"
+    )